Psychohistory
A fictional statistical science in Asimov's Foundation
Psychohistory is a fictional discipline in Isaac Asimov's Foundation series combining history, sociology, and mathematics to predict the large-scale behavior of civilizations. The premise is that individuals are unpredictable but statistical regularities emerge at scale, making broad trajectories forecastable under stable assumptions.
It is the scientific basis for the Seldon Plan and the creation of the Encyclopedia Galactica, developed by Hari Seldon.