Illusions of Competence
A false sense of mastery created by passive familiarity
Illusions of competence occur when familiarity is mistaken for mastery. Re-reading, highlighting, and nodding along can feel productive because the material looks "known," but that feeling often disappears when you try to produce the answer unaided.
Retrieval Practice and Active Recall puncture the illusion by making recall failures explicit, and Spaced Repetition keeps that test honest over time.